Children Immigrants Essay example - 2055 Words

Children Immigrants Immigrant children did not live an easy life in the nineteenth century. Most children were never educated. Italian children immigrants were rarely put through schooling. However, Eastern European Jewish immigrants looked at public schooling as their best way to help their children enhance their potential in life. Chicago, Detroit, and New York City had large populations of Jewish and Italian immigrants. The conditions of the children in all three cities were similar yet different with cities in which they lived in. Jewish and Italian immigrant children had to overcome many obstacles during their adjustment to American life in the nineteenth century. Italian immigrants children were cast into adult life at a†¦show more content†¦Immigrants from the north were encouraging frequent contact and social recreation with boys. Jewish immigrants prioritized education because they saw it as the best way to help their children enhance their potential in life. In the city of Chicago Jewish children started off in school. They had eight public schools in Chicago all for young Jewish people. ?Socialization of the immigrant children was the job of a handful of schools in the ghetto, where Jewish attendance reached 92-93%? (Educating the Jewish Young People). In most public schools the total population was 68 percent Jewish. Many Jewish children attended the Jewish Training School, a vocational school that emphasized arts and mechanical trades. However, one must remember that this did not mean that every one of these Jewish children attended all eight grades that were provided for them from public schools. ?What tends to aggravate these conditions, and further to interfere with the educational career of the Jewish child is, on the one hand, the apparently natural truancy of some boys, and on the other, the necessi ty?always pressing on the workingmen?s children?of leaving school and going to work? (Educating the Jewish Young People). Most of the Jewish children that did attend school did not complete eight grades and many of them did not complete six grades. These children leaving school were as young as age twelve to fourteen to go and work. Jewish children living conditions were much cleaner andShow MoreRelatedAre Children Of Illegal Immigrants1107 Words   |  5 PagesAre Children of Illegal Immigrants Entitled to a Public Education? Waking up in a homeland, a state or province, or a place of familiarity is a given for most kids, but what if one day, by no fault of their own, a child was to be uprooted and taken to a new world, so to speak. They are taken from all that they have known and been thrust into a new way of life for their family. The country, the culture, the language, the life style, and even the education is all new. Their family has chosen thisRead MoreAre Children Of Illegal Immigrants1122 Words   |  5 PagesPSA Essay Are Children of illegal immigrants entitled to a public education? Yes, as a matter of fact, they are! Their parents work for minimum wage and still pay taxes, therefor their child should be able to attend public school. How many Americans don’t work and live off the system, but yet their child still gets a public education? Most minors are placed under the care of the Department of Health and Human Services which offers education rights. After a while the child will be released intoRead MoreThe Education Of Immigrant Children Essay1981 Words   |  8 PagesImmigrant youth are a significant proportion of our national student population today. Many of us don’t realize how many immigrant children there really are. In her interview, â€Å"The Education of Immigrant Children†, posted by Harvard Graduate School of Education on December 11, 2014, Mary Tamer, a graduate student, speaks to Harvard Professor Natasha Warikoo in order to inquire into some of the issues immigrant children face in their lives. According to Tamer, by 2050 more than one-third of schoolRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better o pportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examine the effect that these illegal children are having on the UnitedRead MoreSocializing Children Into Immigrant Communities1139 Words   |  5 Pagesare taught differently throughout the world and are influenced by the family, community and culture therefore children adapt as a result of their learned experiences (Miller and Mangelsdorf 2005). This paper focuses on research conducted by Kusserow (1999), Fung (1999) and Orellana (2001). The researchers’ methodologies differ greatly but each touches on the approach of socializing children into each culture and subculture’s teachings on acquiring various forms of language and emotion. In De-homogenizingRead MoreThe Children From Immigrant Families1865 Words   |  8 PagesChildren from immigrant families are less likely to attend Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programs than their native counterparts, based on language barriers, bureaucratic complexity, and distrust of government programs, especially among undocumented immigrants (Karoly Gonzalez, 2011). This continued distrust of government programs, I believe, is the problem that impedes immigrant parents from enrolling their children into ECCE programs despite the possibilities of them being qualifyRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Asian American Immigrant Children Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesBackground and Significance Currently, 21.4% of youth aged 13-18 and 13% of children aged 8-15 experience significant mental health problems in the U.S. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2015). Also, mental health problems are currently extremely stigmatizing in most Asian cultures, and compared to Caucasians, Asian Americans exhibit significantly high levels of mental health problems (Young et al., 2010). In general, depressive symptoms are associated with major developmental impairments thatRead MoreWhy The Children Of Immigrants Can Be An American?950 Words   |  4 Pagesare a lot of immigrants that are trying to come and to get a better opportunity. According to Joel Swerdlow, in â€Å"Changing America,† â€Å"before 1965 more than three-quarters of all immigrants to the U.S. came from Europe, owing largely to quotas that favored northern Europeans.† (313). In 1965 Congress removed those quotas, and since then more than 60 percent of immigrants have come from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Latin America. However, do the children of immigrants often feel theyRead MoreThe Political Socialization Of Adolescent Children Of Immigrants891 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Political Socialization of Adolescent Children of Immigrants,† Melissa Humphries and Chandra Muller of the University of Texas and Kathryn S. Schiller of the State University of New York perform an intriguing study of the political socialization of the children of immigrants. Their studies clearly show the impracticality of assuming that children of immigrants go through the same political socialization process as third generation whites. Further, they demonstrate that the process of becomingRead MoreA Study On Low Income Immigrant Children962 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the migrationpolicy.org in 2010 the reports show low-income immigrant children were significantly less likely to make a doctors appointment weather having private or public health care insurance. Of the low-income immigrant children only forty-seven percent, forty-four percent with private coverage and sixty-two percent of public overage over their native-born children that sixty-nine percent, sixty-nine percent with private coverage, and seventy-one and a half percent with public coverage

Riordan Manufacturing Business Analysis Free Essays

string(45) " be able to provide information and support\." Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Business Analysis Learning Team B BSA 500 University of Phoenix Instructor: Charlotte Bonner October 6, 2008 * Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Business Analysis * ****INTRO GOES HERE – DANA WILL WRITE IT AS WE NEAR COMPLETION History of Riordan Riordan Manufacturing Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing Business Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now is a leading global manufacturer of plastic injection molding components. Some of the components that it manufactures include: plastic bottles, fans of all sizes, heart valves, medical stents, and other custom plastic parts. Riordan is focused on high standards, long term customer relationships, innovation, and growth. The company was originally founded in 1991 by a professor of chemistry, Dr. Riordan, as an outlet for commercial applications for the high tensile strength plastic substrates that Dr. Riordan had developed. Riordan Manufacturing is now a subsidiary of the Fortune 1000 enterprise, Riordan Industries. The company is headquartered in San Jose California, but also has facilities in Georgia, Michigan, and China. Current large projects include the design stage on an innovative bottle in the shape of a pyramid, and the proof of concept stage on a CardiCare heart valve. Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, serving 550 employees, consists of three Wide Area Network (WAN) lines originating from the corporate headquarters in San Jose (125 employees) to the three manufacturing plants in: Michigan (130 employees), Georgia (45 employees), and China (250 employees). Modules Accounting Modules Riordan Manufacturing’s corporate office has integrated ERP software designed purposely for plastics, processors, and process and assembly manufacturers. During acquisition in Georgia and Michigan, the finance and accounting software’s compatibility issue was not addressed. For this reason, Georgia and Michigan have applications which are not compatible with the current financial system. The following is a list of additional modules that should be connected to the accounting system: Inventory Modules The Inventory module will help Riordan Manufacturing with the physical management of their stock (until used up or sold). It will perform a sound cataloging procedure by assigning item numbers that the accounting system can process. Asset Management Modules Asset Management will help Riordan Manufacturing with physical maintenance, tracking of assets, and financial management. Physical maintenance includes the asset location, condition, and the assignment of asset management to specific individuals. Cash Management Modules Cash Management will help Riordan Manufacturing manage and control the cash cycle. It will ensure liquidity and enhance profitability. Benefits of this module include multi-currency capabilities, cash balancing, bank reconciliation, and cash forecasting. Web Applications Modules Web Applications will help Riordan Manufacturing in many ways. Customers and salespeople alike can enter orders through the web. This â€Å"real-time† web configuration will shorten the order cycle, and enhance customer satisfaction. Employees of Riordan will be able to use this medium for expense reporting, supply requisitions, and communication between employees. Multiple Currencies Modules Since Riordan has a joint venture with China, the Multiple Currency module will be of considerable help. Financial transaction with China will be recorded in the sub-ledgers and converted into the â€Å"functional currency† by using current exchange rate information. The transactions will be recorded and maintained in the accounting data. Riordan’s â€Å"functional currency† will be in US dollars. Payroll Modules The Payroll module will apply human resource data to salaries and benefits and determine the amount of pay and how to get the disbursement to the employee. It will take into consideration national tax codes and worldwide regulations. The system can also track and do calculations for data such as sick time, leave of absence, and vacation. Travel/Expense Reporting Modules Because Riordan has multiple offices within the United States and a joint venture with China, travel budgets and expense reporting of trips can be documented into the travel/expense reporting module. Riordan employees and management can use this module to document information such as cost of plane tickets, vehicles, food, and supplies while employees are traveling. General Ledger Modules The accounting process begins with general ledgers. Therefore, this module will help organize Riordan’s financial reports from the first steps. This will make information readily accessible and more easily processed. Accounts payable/receivable Modules Like the general ledger module, this module will help organize Riordan’s accounts payable and receivable, which will better organize their balance sheet. Systems to be connected to the Accounting System Sales and Marketing All of the sales to past customers have been annotated using written methods. Riordan has requested that all past sales records, made up of diverse databases, paper files and microfiche be inputted into a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. The information recorded in these records is largely made up of information that can easily be entered into a CRM database for easy distribution and reproduction between departments. The CRM package will also benefit Riordan by providing the customers access to a front end server (extranet), to be able to create accounts, check account status, pay bills and place orders. Having a single CRM database will provide sales personnel or customer service representatives with the ability to quickly check customer accounting information without having to search through various paper work, microfiche and out of date or inadequate databases. Internally, employees will be able to keep track of various vendors who have a proven track record of discounts, reliable shipping and product innovation. In the past, individual sales employees have managed customer records, and no standard of data recording has been established. Operating in this manner doesn’t allow for a cohesive sales team, which is going to be critical for the new team selling approach being implemented by Riordan. A standardization and consolidation of customer records needs to be implemented for the sales team to be more successful in the future. The CRM will consolidate the sales team into one unit rather than individuals servicing specific accounts. Customer relations will be proficient due to the ability of multiple sales personnel being able to acquire and update account information rather than a single person maintaining individual account records. Not to mention when a sales person is not available due to health, personal issues or vacation, another employee will be able to provide information and support. You read "Riordan Manufacturing Business Analysis" in category "Papers" The CRM will then be connected to the Finance Accounting System. Human Resources Riordan Manufacturing’s Human Resources system should be connected to its accounting system because the Human Resources department handles the employees’ salaries, benefits, employee recognition programs and training programs. These programs do not bring in revenue, however, they are considered costs for the company. Accurate bookkeeping of these activities and incorporation of the figures into the accounting equation is crucial to painting an accurate financial picture of Riordan. Operations The Operations system should also be connected to the accounting system since it outlines inventory, supply and production. Inventory is part of a company’s assets, which is a core part of the accounting equation. In determining its financial state, Riordan needs to have knowledge of its inventory, how much it costs to obtain, how it is used and the cost of operating, or manufacturing products with that inventory. Just like assets are a core part of the accounting process, Operations is a core part of Riordan’s process. Legal Legal systems need to be connected to the accounting system in order to maintain legal watch over the system. One example of how Legal could benefit from a connection to the accounting system is that it would be able to monitor inventory and approve where Riordan products are being sent. This would make sure export laws and restrictions are being met. Legal can also interact with Human Resources, Finance, Sales, and Operations over the accounting system to make sure that all aspects of the legal requirements for corporate accounting are followed. Reports and policies could be put in place by Legal in the system to ensure integrity and ethics. Information Technology IT has many reasons to be connected to the accounting system. Ordering, policy implementation, monitoring, and support are just a few of the aspects of business that would benefit from the Information Technology system being connected to the accounting system. Monitoring, policies, and support are a huge reason for IT to be connected. Accounting is one of the most important aspects to running a business. IT needs to carefully monitor and support validity and integrity within an accounting system as well as ensure proper policies, established in conjunction with legal, are in place. Income Statement Analysis In reviewing the Income Statement for Riordan Manufacturing, there are some concerns on cost expenses that managers will need to adjust. Even though the sales revenue from 2004 to 2005 has increased 10. % from $46 million to $50 million, a combination of direct cost of goods sold and operating expenses has caused the net profit to decrease during the same period. The direct cost of goods sold increased 12. 2% from $37. 5 million to $42 million. A possible cause for this increase may be that Riordan may have abundance of inventory on hand as a result of ordering above the ordering point. Despite the high increase in cost of goods sold, t he gross margin still increased, but by only 2. 6% from $8. 6 million to $8. 8 million. In addition to the 12. % increase in cost of goods sold, the operating expenses also incurred by Riordan Manufacturing increased 8% from $5. 3 million to $5. 7 million. These two big increases in costs incurred compared to the small increase in the gross margin proved to be too much, resulting in a decrease in profit before interest and tax expenses. The profit before taxes and interest expenses decreased 6. 3% from $3. 2 million to $3 million. In addition to the negative figures, there are some positive figures to bring into the mix. Despite the profit before taxes and interest expense decreasing by 6. %, the net profit only decreased by 1. 7% from $2 million to $1. 95 million. The reason for the smaller decrease in the net profit was a 13. 5% decrease in non-operating expenses including tax and interest expenses from $1. 3 million to $1. 1 million. The main focus to increase profits from 2005 t o 2006 would be looking into decreasing the cost of goods sold and some of the operating expenses while continuing the trend in decreasing the non-operating expenses or at least keeping the cost manageable. What the company is doing wrong Riordan’s Inventory accounts for a large share of its current assets (54%). On the surface this may represent a weakness however the company has an inventory turn of 5. 35 (cost of goods sold annually/inventory) which means the company goes though its inventory 5. 35 times per year or every 68 days. Riordan’s products are not perishable and enjoy a very long shelf life so this turnover rate of relatively good. This relatively high turnover rate allows for it to maintain relatively low cash balances as it can raise cash quickly from sale of inventory. This is reflected in the high balance of the accounts receivable. In addition, the company continues to carry a significant long term debt without a noticeable attempt to lessen that debt. Analysis of shareholder equity shows that the value of the company’s shares is greater than the total shareholders’ equity, a sign of deficit. The debt to equity ratio is fairly high at 56%, this a potential sign of weakness as well. While the company has maintained a gross margin of over 8. 5 million for the past two years, its operating expenses have increased during the same period affecting its profit margin. This is a sign that Riordan is not doing well in keeping its costs low to be more profitable. The opportunities would be to focus on increasing sales at the same decreasing general and administrative costs. To achieve this, the company needs to invest in IT systems. Eliminating incompatible systems and consolidating information at it’s headquarter will help in reducing administrative costs. References Riordan Manufacturing. 2004. University of Phoenix. Accessed September 2008 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Riordan/Internet/IndexPort. htm How to cite Riordan Manufacturing Business Analysis, Papers

Features Of Accounting Information Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Features Of Accounting Information Systems? Answer: Introduction The main objective of this report is to get knowledge and understanding of the application of accounting software packages in the companies situated in Australia. In this report, literature review will be done on the HR Block Company which is using Xero accounting software package in Australia. With the help of this report organization structure, operating challenges, flow chart of the sales processes, problem in the control process and possible fraud in the system of HR Block will be determined. This report is helpful in determining the competitive advantages and challenges faced by the users of accounting software. At the end of this report, appropriate recommendations will also be explained to make efficient use of software. Organization Structure of HR Block Company HR Block is an American multinational company headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, United States having more than 25 million customers in whole world. Main products and services offered by company are tax preparation, business consulting services, banking and payroll services having branches in Australia, Canada, India and North America. The company was founded by Richard Bloch and Henry W. Bloch in 1955 and presently having more than 14,000 retail tax offices all over the world. The main softwares used by company are Xero accounting software and TaxCut as its own consumer tax software and electronic tax preparation. The organization structure of HR Block is as follows: Figure 1 Organization structure of HR Block Operational problems in the organization structure The organization structure of any company based on the communication methods between departments and various functions it performs such as sales, procuring, finance, marketing, HR, accounting, customer service, CEO, RD, operations, legal, engineering and administrations (Cummings and Worley, 2014). On the basis of above organization structure, HR Block can have conflicts related to different departments and lack of coordination between the functions of various retail stores situated worldwide. Company can have lack of efficiency and lack of effectiveness in the accounting processes and tax preparation system because different department cannot have consistency in the accounting policies and software used for tax preparations (Foss, et al., 2013). If company want to change any existing policy or software related to accounting and taxation methods then it could have errors in system and more problems to change it worldwide. Most expected system acquisition method There are various methods available to companies for system acquisition such as custom software, commercial software and ERP. First of all, companies have to evaluate the requirement of information system according to the nature of business then analysis of the different software alternatives available to companies. Custom software developed by the companies specifically for performing particular function which best suited to the operations of the organization. It is also known as Tailor-made Software. Major disadvantages of custom software are it covers high cost in implementation and sometimes software defects can occur. It is used by the companies for minimizing the modifications in business procedures and meeting constrains of existing system (Daneshgar, et al., 2013). Commercial software packages are readily available in the market and helpful in minimising cost and time for implementation. It requires less technical expert staff then custom software and future upgrade is also a vailable. Better documentation process and less software defects available in commercial software in comparison with custom software. Major disadvantages of commercial software are it is less efficient and cannot meet all the requirements of the companies. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software generally integrates the internal and external operational system of the organization. It is only software which is helpful in integration and management of all the functions such as purchasing, Human Resource, sales, accounting, CRM customer support, and inventory management. Custom software cannot be upgraded according to changes whereas ERP can be customized and upgraded according to market demand (Lin, et al., 2016). ERP software can be installed and effectively implemented in 2 to 5 months but there is no specific time period for custom software. On the basis of overall discussion it can be determined that EPR is the most likely method for system acquisition. A system flowchart of the sales procedures of HR Block Company Figure 2 Flow chart for payroll services (ConceptDraw, 2017) Control problems and fraud in the system In the system flow chart of payroll services of the HR Block Company mainly problem can be faced in the monitoring and control process. There can be lack of effectiveness in hiring process for client and hiring of less talented employees. Fraud can be occurred in the process of contract management and contract delivery such as improper fee structure charged from the client for ineffective service delivery. Lack of quality and lack of responsibility can be faced by clients or customers (McCormack and Johnson, 2016). Payroll services mainly performed for the large organizations which are fully engaged in the other services and dont have time to recruit the employees. These big organizations mainly outsourced their hiring process to the consultancy companies like HR Block. But different departments located at different places cannot adopt the same process of their service delivery. So, various retail offices of HR Block Company can offer unsatisfactory services to their clients which ca n make great impact on the brand image of the company. Company cannot be able to control the whole process of all the retail offices located at different places worldwide. So, there can be chances of fraud and problems in the control system of the overall sales procedure of the HR Block Company. Development and adoption of the accounting software packages Accounting software is a class of computer software that helps to the accounting professionals for managing the accounts and also helps to perform the accounting operation in the organization. There are various accounting softwares that offer most comprehensive accounting feature that is used in Australia. According to the Ismailand King (2014), accounting software gives a clear picture of the company financial health by tracking the money flow so the accounting software is an effective tool in the every small business organization. On the other hand, there are various softwares available in Australia that has been used by the Australian organization such as-QuickBooks, Xero, Zoho Books, and many more. Bernardos et al (2014) Support the views of Ismail and King (2014) that accounting is a lifeline of the business and the accounting software used by the organization can record and processes the accounting transaction of a business. In addition to this, Ramasubbu and Kemerer (2014) states that the accounting software provides a sophisticate report and tracking the financial results in the business for the calculation of profit. With the help of accounting software, a business can track the payable and receivables so it will save the time, money and frustration because there is no need spent time on the complex double entry accounting concepts. Existing market size Taiwo (2016) support the views of Ramasubbu and Kemerer (2014) that selection of the accounting software packages is often a difficult process for the business. In Australia, accounting software for the specific market segment is also available in the market such as for the retail industry. Moreover, the accounting and payroll application software are widely used in the business organization of Australia and they also used the computer accounting software to manage the accounts of business. All the accounting software used in Australia is compliance with the regulatory laws and guidelines that increase speed and the integrity of financial data in the organization. According to the Kanellou and Spathis (2013), Intuits QuickBooks is at popular software that is used by the Australian small business owners. The small business owners of the Australia used these softwares to track their commercial profit, income, and cost of the business. In addition to this, MYOB is also popular accountin g software in Australia but it is used for the extra elements of business rather than the simple function of accounting. Smith and Binti Puasa (2016) states that accounting software comes under the accounting information system that records the accounting transaction within the organizations for the function modules of the business such as accounting payable, accounts receivable, trail balance and payroll. The accounting softwares may be the combination of the application of the third party with the help of local modification. At the present context, the accounting software not only managed the accounting transaction in the organization but also they include the functions related to the decision-making aimed to gain the competitive advantage in the business. Ramazami et al (2012) favor the words of Smith and Binti Puasa (2016) that the accounting softwares is used for the elimination of man-made errors to improve the accuracy and consistency of the financial data in the organization. In addition to this, the end of the crusades saw a boom in trade between Europe and the Middle East. In this way, the business cannot be managed by a single owner. Therefore, when the business is run by more than one person than a system is also needed that all the agents are making good spending decision in the organization. In supports of this, Askari et al (2012) state that MYOB accounting software eliminates productivity roadblocks when traveling with a client or at home, it can be content from anywhere by using a device. The uses of accounting softwares can provide a serious competitive advantage and provide freedom to work from anywhere at any time with their customer, suppliers, and partners. Challenges faced by users and appropriate recommendations According to the Alamin et al (2015) Accounting software that is used in Australia gives many problems to the users that are normally outdated and not so much user-friendly so that do not enable users to fully use their keyboard. In addition to this, sometimes the accounting softwares are powerless that help the users who wish to get their business data out. Moreover, the outdated accounting software is a very big challenge to the business organization because the organization the detail that has been collected from the software may be inaccurate, system slow down and errors happen into the system. Hence, data corruption is a serious matter for the business firm of Australia. Moreover, users are stressed out due to the lack of training and guidelines for using software and extra training may also a reason of extra cost to the customers of accounting software in Australia. According to the words of Tijani and Mohammed (2013), accounting software offers a huge technical function that will help to manage the finance of business. It can be suggested that accounting software used in the organization can be based on the needs. The accounting software should consider the size of the business and also consider the industry of the business. In addition to this, it can be recommended that organization should make the list of all the points and use the software that will help to solve the issues. If there is any doubt related to the feature of accounting softwares than organization can consult with the software vendors. Bishop (2016) supports the views of Tijani and Mohammed (2013) that the accounting software used in Australia is wide and fully-fledged accounting software for the organization. In addition to this, as per the size of accounting software, the supplier may offer a free trial to the organization and all the accounting software should be familiar with the functionality of software packages to set up the business. Moreover, it can be recommended that business organization should place more acquisition and developer should improve the user friendliness in the organization with the help of accounting software. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion it can be concluded that the accounting, taxation and payroll application software are extensively used in the companies of Australia. There are various software for accounting available in Australia that has been used by the Australian companies such as Xero, Zoho Books, QuickBooks and MYOB. The use of software provides competitive advantages to the companies and helps in increasing speed and integrity of financial and operational data in the organization. There are many system acquisition methods available for the companies but ERP is the most accepted method of system acquisition in the Australia. References Alamin, A., Yeoh, W., Warren, M. and Salzman, S. (2015) January. An empirical study of factors influencing accounting information systems adoption. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems, pp. 1-11. Askari, R., Ramazami, M., and Fazli, E. (2014) Application of ANP in Evaluating Accounting Softwares based on Accounting Information Systems Characteristics. Journal of emerging trends in computing and information sciences, 5(5), pp. 358-361. Bernardos, C.J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L.M., Jin, H. and Ziga, J.C. (2014) An architecture for software defined wireless networking. IEEE Wireless Communications, 21(3), pp.52-61. Bishop, W.A. (2016) Addressing The Challenge Of Strategic Alignment Faced By Small And Medium-Sized Entities During The Selection Of Accounting Software Packages. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 16(1), pp. 31-54. ConceptDraw (2017) How to Draw an Effective Flowchart. [Online]. Available at: https://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/diagram-software-how-to-draw-an-effective-flowchart (Accessed: 19 september, 2017). Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G. (2014) business development and change. USA: Cengage learning. Daneshgar, F. Low, G.C. and Worasinchai, L. (2013) An investigation of build vs. buydecision for software acquisition by small to medium enterprises,Information and Software Technology,55(10), pp. 1741-1750. Foss, N.J., Lyngsie, J. and Zahra, S.A. (2013) The role of external knowledge sources and organizational design in the process of opportunity exploitation,Strategic Management Journal,34(12), pp. 1453-1471. Ismail, N.A. and King, M. (2014) Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms. Journal of Information Systems and Small Business, 1(1-2), pp. 1-20. Kanellou, A. and Spathis, C. (2013) Accounting benefits and satisfaction in an ERP environment.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(3), pp.209-234. Lin, Z., Yuegang, L., Jing, K., Zhanqun, S. and Andrew, B. (2016) Development of Transportation Supervision Information System of Frozen Seafood Processing Enterprises Based on ERP,Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Innovation,3(1), pp. 18-21. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C. (2016)Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. USA: CRC Press. Ramasubbu, N. and Kemerer, C.F. (2014) Managing technical debt in enterprise software packages.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 40(8), pp. 758-772. Ramazami, M., Vali, F., and Zanjani, M. (2012) Accounting Software Expectation Gap Based on Features of Accounting Information Systems (AISs). Journal of emerging trends in computing and information sciences, 3(11), pp. 1530-1532. Smith, J. and Binti Puasa, S. (2016) Critical factors of accounting information systems (AIS) effectiveness: a qualitative study of the Malaysian federal government. In British Accounting Finance Association Annual Conference 2016, pp. 2-10. Taiwo, J.N., 2016. effect of ict on accounting information system and organisational performance: the application of information and communication technology on accounting information system. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 5(2), pp. 1-15. Tijani, O.M. and Mohammed, A.K. (2013) Computer-based accounting systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: Empirical evidence from a randomized trial in Nigeria. Universal Journal of Management, 1(1), pp. 13-21.

The American Dream Walt Disneys Cinderella and Ron Howards Cinderella Man

All around us stories abound of how people struggle to attain the American dream. Wherever we go everybody wants to have a piece of this life and as a result, it has been the inspiration behind most of these great achievements in our lives. After watching Walt Disney’s Cinderella and Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man, I became interested to analyze the process of the American dream, how the different genders work towards attaining them and what the society expects of every gender.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Dream: Walt Disney’s Cinderella and Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparing these two movies one comes to one very important conclusion; that a man has to struggle, act to lift himself and his family from the vestiges of poverty to becoming rich. This status is equaled to the American dream. This is in contrast to the woman, who li ke in Cinderella’s case she is passive and waits for miracles in order to finally live the dream. There are many ways to explain this concept, and many a times people have tried to break it down according to their understanding of the ethos. Listening to stories of big time multi millionaires or even billionaires and how they made it all the way from scratch may not be enough to make one understand the American dream. The real surprise is how the actual dream is attained. Smith describes the American Dream as â€Å"an idea, which suggests that all people can succeed through hard work and that all people have the potential to live happily, astride with their success in life† (Hoobler, 63). This, however, is a short description of what the dream entails, but he fails to mention the other cognitive factors at play that may propel or hinder one from living this dream, for instance gender and the society. There are many viewpoints towards which people relate to this dream; this has been redefined over time courtesy of the ever changing social and cultural norms in the American society. The bigger picture In order for us to gain a broader perspective into the idea that bore the ethos that is the American dream, we first delve into what, when and where it was originally launched. The idea is a philosophy that was founded by America’s forefathers, who enshrined it in their constitution as a matter of declaration of independence (Leo, 12). This philosophy states that â€Å"all men are created equal† and that they are â€Å"endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights† including â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† It is by these virtues that America has identified its statesmen, loyalists, heroes and the people that struggle daily to ensure that America remains the haven it is (Leo, 12). Many other people have tried to define the American dream and expound on their understanding of the philosophy.Advert ising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More James Truslow in his definition and understanding of the term explains that with the American dream, â€Å"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† regardless of social class or circumstances of birth† (Hoobler, 24). This is what has motivated the Americans to be the best in what they do, to provide the best to their people and embrace democracy full throttle. In this paper, I will analyze the different mirrors through which gender has played a huge role defining how the male and the female of our species are working towards attaining the dream. To help us bring out the clear disparities that be, which almost always are the societal standards in most cases or rather the path through which man goes through, we shall analyze two different pieces of art. These ar e movies which were presented to various audiences over time, and their main agenda is one; the American dream. The first movie, Cinderella man highlights the struggles man has to go through to get whenever his ambitions and dreams beseech him to be. The other movie called Cinderella was directed by Clyde Geronimi, it highlights and points out the woman’s role in the dream. These two directors lead us through the different experiences and lifestyles the characters have gone through. There are obviously divergent perspectives on issues and the different social expectations they bear although they have one aspect that is common to the both of them; The American dream. This is the real motivation behind their daily struggles, and whatever they pass through in their struggles, it is the promise of the American dream that keeps them strong and going. Walt Disney’s Cinderella In this classic story, we follow the tale of a beautiful girl who undergoes a torturous journey thro ugh life with her step family. She is hated, scorned and despised by even her family members. She is subject to her family’s inclination, whatever it would be. This goes on until when her fairy godmother intercepts and helps her. She makes her meet a handsome bride who comes along her path in life, falls in love and proposes to her. They get married and live happily thereafter. The movie is one of the most famous to have been used through time, and as such has sparked scholars’ interest to read it through, analyze and research on what it is about the book that continues to fascinate people across the different races and generations. Its universality and timelessness have also contributed to its popularity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The American Dream: Walt Disney’s Cinderella and Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The story is pulled off from f ar- fetched context but the main idea revolves around the American dream. In her books, Disney creates a world that is beyond the real, with bigger parameters about the boundaries of life. It a wonder world, one that critics and fanatics a like claim was the perfect mirror for the American dream. Others just call it the â€Å"perfect American dream† (Ted 13). Though a good number of people (the critics) feel that the world is fake, claiming that it is just a fickle of a persons imagination, it has been a sanctuary of hope and for most the inspiration behind their daily struggles. To the critics, fanatics urge that there is no better presentation or any other means through which the dream has been so deeply yet vividly embodied, they urge that we live at a time when the American dream is getting bigger and bigger yet the platform to attain it is quickly eroding. This is attributed to the fact that the original ideas and the fundamental principals that founded the dream are qui ckly fading away given the changing fortunes of the average American. Through Cinderella, Disney creates in us a platform where we revive our child hood dreams; we revisit our former worlds and the comforts they present in the midst of the confusion that surrounds us. Disney world provides a platform where families, friends and relatives meet once in a while. The comfortable and soothing atmosphere makes them to part with their sorrows and their myriad problems. The movies and the soothing atmosphere provide an ample opportunity for one to revisit his fantasies. Much as Disneyworld is an artificial place, it still attracts people from far and wide, and researchers attribute this to its physicality. It is the people’s imitation of Disney world and their unwavering desire to attain and live the dream that compels them to work so hard (Lloyd, 16). Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man and the American dream Ron Howard has also directed a play that revolves around the American dream . His is a male character who, at the end of everything achieves the goal to see his wife and children live and operate within the world he worked so hard to build (Hoobler, 24). His attainment of the American dream is however different from Clyde’s Cinderella because he has to bear the worst of circumstances and, undergoes the worst of situations to attain it.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Cinderella man the play sets out to explore the life of a boxer, James Walter Braddock. Initially, we meet James doing well, he has everything he needs. This, however is short lived since sometime later he loses everything he has thanks to the great depression that swept the region he was operating in then. He lost all he had, but this was not enough to pin him down to poverty, or living a low life; not even a broken limb. To get back on top, to living the life he had; to attain the American dream he had to struggle. In his world there were neither fairies nor fairy tales, it was stark reality staring him right in the face. He had a family that was looking up to him and children who expected much from their father, all these he had to shoulder and get his family back to the top. How the male reaches the American dream Man, according to the above plays and even in life generally, has to struggle and work hard to attain this dream. He shoulders everything if he has a family, and wh en he is just starting to venture out he is exposed to the harsh realities in life (Leo, 33). To fulfill his ambitions he has work from rags to riches. He has to stand against all the odds, whatever society and life brings against him. He is expected to shoulder all these, get married and carry the burden that is his family and maintain the status quo; operate within his class, one of people who have attained the dream. It does not matter how he is faring on health wise, broken limb or not that burden is still his. How the female uses the American dream On the other hand, the woman does not strive as hard to attain the dream. She may be poor and belong to the lowest of classes in the society she operates in, but when she gets married she gets elevated to the man’s position (Ted, 16). She directly inherits the class the man operates in and this therefore becomes her new social class. That is how women are depicted to attain the American dream. When the husband’s fortune s dwindle or somehow they are lost she plunges into paucity with him, and will stay there till the man works his way and lifts himself up to regain his status in the society. The woman around him automatically takes up after the husband, and her lifestyle reflects her husbands. Conclusion From the readings above and the observations made from around, it is clear that the society has clear cut distinctions on how the man and woman attain this dream. It is collective to both genders in that they complete the cycle together, but the man struggles harder to attain it. He then provides this to the wife and family. This is the hallmark of a man’s success in the American society. The woman on the other hand, stays passive patiently waiting for her turn to prosper which then would be brought about by the man’s prosperity (Lloyd, 18). Works Cited Hoobler, Thomas. Captain John Smith: Jamestown and the birth of the American  Dream, 20-65. London: Oxford university press, 2006. Print. Leo, Lemay. â€Å"Franklin’s Autobiography and the American Dream,† Ed. J. A. Leo Lemay and P. M. Zall. 12-33. New York: Perennial-Harper, 2006. Print. Lloyd, Brown. â€Å"The American Dream and the Legacy of Revolution in the Poetry of  Langston Hughes† Studies in Black Literature. 16-18. New York: St. Martin’s, 1976. Print. Ted, Ownby. American Dreams in Mississippi: Consumers, Poverty, and Culture, 1830-1998, 13-16. Utah State UP: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Print. This research paper on The American Dream: Walt Disney’s Cinderella and Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man was written and submitted by user Punisher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bush and Gore The Issues essays

Bush and Gore The Issues essays Presidential elections have taken place every four years for more than two hundred years. This year is no exception. The forerunners in the 2000 elections are Governor George Bush (Republican) and Vice President Al Gore (Democrat). These candidates have strong and different views on many issues such as crime, abortion and energy. Crime is a major concern of all American citizens and has been addressed by the majority of candidates in past elections. Voter.com, a web site designed to keep voters informed on the candidates and their stand points on different issues, state that Al Gore believes that there is no more fundamental responsibility than to make Americans safer and more securein there in their homes, on the sidewalks, and in their communities. Gore also helped pass the three strikes and youre out law. This law was designed to keep career criminals off the streets, expands the death penalty to drug lords, and about sixty additional kinds of violent felons (Al Gore on Issue of Crime/Drugs.) George Bushs view on crime is plain and simple, tough love. Bush firmly believes that criminals should suffer the consequences for their actions. The backbone of Bushs view on crime is the death penalty. While Bush was in office more than 134 criminals were executed on Texas Death Row. Bush is quoted, I su pport the death penalty because I believecapital punishment is a deterrent against future violence and will save other innocent lives (George Bush on Issue of Crime/Drugs.) Abortion is another important issue at the center stage of both candidates campaigns. Gore is pro-choice. He believes that women have the right to choose and plans on making abortion safe, legal, and rare. Kate Michelum, President of the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, has supported Gore. Michelum stated, Vice Preside ...

Ednah Dow Cheney, Transcendentalist and Social Reformer

Ednah Dow Cheney, Transcendentalist and Social Reformer Known for:  involved in abolition movement, freedman’s education movement, women’s movement, free religion; part of the second generation of Transcendentalists around Boston, she knew many of the well-known figures in those movements Occupation: writer, reformer, organizer, speakerDates:  June 27, 1824 – November 19, 1904Also known as: Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney Ednah Dow Cheney Biography: Ednah Dow Littlehale was born in Boston in 1824. Her father, Sargent Littlehale, a businessman and Universalist, supported his daughter’s education at various girls’ schools. While liberal in politics and religion, Sargent Littlehale found the Unitarian minister Theodore Parker too radical religiously and politically.   Ednah took a job caring for and tutoring her youngest sister, Anna Walter,  and when she died, friends recommended that she consult the Rev. Parker in her grief. She began attending his church.   This brought her into association in the 1840s with many of the Transcendentalists, including Margaret Fuller and Elizabeth Palmer Peabody as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson and, of course, Theodore Parker and Bronson Alcott. She taught briefly at Alcott’s Temple School. She attended some of Margaret Fuller’s Conversations, meetings that discussed a variety of themes including Emerson’s thought. Through the Conversations, she got to know L ouisa May Alcott. Abby May,  Julia Ward Howe, and Lucy Stone were more  of her friends starting from this period of her life. She later wrote that I always consider that, from the age of twelve, Margaret Fuller and Theodore Parker were my education. Marriage Supporting coeducational training in art, she helped found the Boston School of Design in 1851. She married Seth Wells Cheney in 1853, and the two went to Europe after a tour of New England and the death of Seth Cheney’s mother. Their daughter, Margaret, was born in 1855, shortly after the family returned to the United States, staying in New Hampshire for the summer. By this time, her husband’s health was failing.   Seth Cheney died the next year; Ednah Cheney never remarried, returning to Boston and raising her daughter alone.   Seth Cheneys crayon portrait of Theodore Parker and his wife was given to the Public Library of Boston. Womens Rights She was left with some means, and turned to philanthropy and reform. She helped to establish the New England Hospital for Women and Children, for medical training of women physicians. She also worked with women’s clubs to foster education for women.   She frequently attended woman’s rights conventions,   lobbied for womens rights at the Legislature, and served for a time as vice-president of the New England Womens Suffrage Society. She wrote in her later years that she had believed in the vote for women since she was a school girl. Abolitionist and Freedmans Aid Supporter Cheney’s reform involvements included support for the abolitionist movement.   She knew both Harriet Jacobs, an ex-slave who wrote of her own life and escape from slavery, and Harriet Tubman, the Underground Railroad conductor. Before and after the end of the Civil War, she became a strong advocate for education for the newly freed slaves, working first through the New England Freedman’s Aid Society, a voluntary association that tried to buy the freedom of slaves and also provide opportunities for education and training. After the Civil War she worked with the federal government’s Freedman’s Bureau. She became secretary of the Teachers’ Commission and visited many of the Freedman’s schools in the South.   In 1866 she published a book, The Handbook of American Citizens, to be used in the schools, which included an overview of American history from the perspective of progressive â€Å"emancipation.† The book also included the text of the US Constitution.   Cheney corresponded frequently with Harriet Jacobs after Jacobs returned to North Carolina in 1867. After 1876, Cheney published Records of the New England Freedman’s Aid Society, 1862-1876, mindful of hi story’s need for such documents. She was invited to lecture on the work with freedmen at the Divinity Chapel in Cambridge.   This created a debate at the school, as there had been no women speakers at that venue before, and she became the first. Free Religious Association Cheney, as part of the second generation of Transcendentalists, was active in the Free Religious Association, founded in 1867, with Ralph Waldo Emerson signing on as the first official member.   The FRA advocated freedom of individual thought in religion, an openness to the findings of science, a faith in the human progress, and a dedication to social reform: bringing the kingdom of God through working for the good of society. Cheney, through the years, was often a key organizer behind the scenes, making FRA meetings happen, and keeping the organization functioning. She also occasionally spoke at FRA meetings. She spoke regularly in liberal churches and in Southern congregations, and perhaps if clergy training had been more open to women when she was younger, she would have gone into the ministry. Beginning in 1878, Cheney was a regular teacher at the summer sessions of the Concord School of Philosophy.   She published essays based on some of the themes first explored there.   She was also the first woman to lecture at Harvard’s School of Divinity, not without controversy. Writer In 1871 Cheney published a juvenile novel, Faithful to the Light, which gained some popularity; it was followed by other novels.   In 1881 she wrote a memoir of her husband. Margaret Swan Cheney, Ednah’s daughter, enrolled at Boston’s Institute of Technology (now MIT), among the first women to enter that school, and her entry is credited with that opening of the school to women. Sadly, some years  thereafter, while still a student, she died of tuberculosis in 1882. Before her death, she published in a scientific journal  a paper describing experiments with nickel, including a method of determining the presence of nickel in ore. Ednah Cheneys 1888/1889 biography of Louisa May Alcott, who had died the previous year as had her father, Bronson Alcott, helped bring to life the early Transcendentalist years for another generation. It was the first biography of Louisa May Alcott, and remains an important source for those studying Alcott’s life. She included many passages from Alcott’s own letters and journals, letting her subject speak in her own words of her life.   Cheney, in writing the book, used a diary of Alcott’s during the time her family participated in the Transcendentalist utopian experiment at Fruitlands; that diary has since been lost. That same year she wrote a pamphlet for the American Woman Suffrage Association, â€Å"Municipal Suffrage for Women,† advocating a strategy of gaining the vote for women on issues close to their lives, including school elections.   She also published Memoir of Margaret Swan Cheney, her daughter.   In 1890, she published Nora’s Return: A Sequel to The Doll’s House, her attempt to deal with the feminist themes Henrik Ibsen’s play, The Doll’s House, opened. A number of articles in the 1880s described Emerson, Parker, Lucretia Mott and Bronson Alcott.   Cheney’s writing was not, in its time or since, considered particularly creative, fitting in more with Victorian sentimentalism, but they do give insight into the memorable people and events through which she moved.   She was much respected by her friends in the free religious and social reform movements with which she associated. Looking Back By the turn of the century, Cheney’s health was not good, and she was much less active. In 1902, she published her own memoirs, Reminiscences of Ednah Dow Cheney (born Littehale), reflecting on her life, rooting it in the 19th century. She died in Boston in November of 1904. The New England Women’s Club held a meeting on February 20, 1905, to remember Ednah Dow Cheney, who had been a member.   The club published the speeches from that meeting. Background, Family: Mother: Ednah Parker DowFather: Sargent Smith Littlehale, a grocerTwo older siblings, several younger; in total, four siblings  died in childhood Education: Private schools Marriage, Children: husband: Seth Wells Cheney (artist;  married 1853; artist; died 1856)one child:Margaret Swan Cheney, born September 8, 1855, died September 22, 1882.eight siblings, two sisters and one brother; at least five died in childhood Note: after further research, I corrected a line that was formerly in this biography that had Ednah Dow Cheney as a tutor to Theodore Parkers daughter.   Parker had no children.   The source I used may have misinterpreted a story from  Reminiscences of Ednah Dow Cheney.

The Search for Better Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Search for Better Health - Essay Example At the start of the twentieth century, researches on this subject had been mushrooming steadily which opened ways for better health practices. One of the pioneers in this field was Frank M. Burnet (Nossal 108). Frank Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian virologist and Nobel Prize winner recognized for his contributions to the field of immunology. He conducted ground-breaking research on bacteriophages and viruses at and served as director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute. His virology research led to considerable impact related to discoveries on the nature and replication of viruses and their interaction with the human immune system. He was deeply involved in immunology research, more specifically in the theory of clonal selection which illustrates how lymphocytes choose antigens for destruction, which provided the experimental background for the induction of immune tolerance. His contributions in this field also set the platform for the development of protocols for solid organ transplantation and vaccination. He contributed important knowledge related to influenza research which included techniques for growing and studying the virus and hemagglutination assays. Apart from his discove ry of neuraminidase he also worked on the genetic control of virulence. He also wrote a monograph entitled "The Production of Antibodies," which was later revised with co-author Frank Fenner in 1949. This book was considered as a key publication in the field of immunology. It contained the essential demonstration of the shift on the science of immunology from a chemical point-of-view to a biological one. Furthermore, it is this work where he introduced the model of 'self' and 'non-self' to immunology. Using his concept of the said model, he formulated the hypothesis of 'autoimmunity" which is a situation wherein the body produces antibodies against its own components and consequently, the idea of immune tolerance. Through his model called clonal selection, he expanded current knowledge on immunology by proposing that each lymphocyte possess on its surface specific immunoglobulins mirroring the specificity of the antibody which will be produced later one the cell is stimulated by an antigen. According to him, the antigen functions as a selective stimulus for the proliferation and differentiation of clones that possess receptors for that antigen. Such was the impact of Frank M. Mcfarlane to the field of immunology and vaccination (Nossal 108). Epidemiological Studies on Non-Infectious Diseases Every public health organization must have extensive and up-to-date information regarding diseases and health indicators to be more prepared and armed in the dispersal of control and preventive measures. This implies the conduct of epidemiological studies which involve efficient collection and analysis of large amounts of data related to public health. Information that can be generated from this activity will be very helpful in the causal identification of non-infectious diseases and for the formulation of health programs by the local and the national government (Stroup & Teutsch 312). Epidemiological studies are based on systematic and instructive surveillance of the health of the general public which requires careful statistical analysis. To be able to establish an effective non-infectious

Power point presentations PowerPoint Presentation

Power point presentations - PowerPoint Presentation Example PowerPoint format has limited ability to accommodate relatively large information per slide. Besides, the graphical and statistical holds marginal content, which encourages bulleting form of presentation (Doumont 67). PowerPoint is criticized for its inability to allow for faster information transfers, and bogging down of the viewers or presented following the saturation of the slides. According to Tufte (5-6) in his theory referred to as â€Å"cognitive style of PowerPoint†, he asserts that the biggest crime leveled against bulleting presentation is the ability and tendency to â€Å"dilute thoughts†. He criticized PowerPoint because bullets were profound of disorganizing speakers while encouraging generic, simplistic and superficial thinking, which in turn ‘make us stupid’. The same sentiment were echoed by Harvard Business Review, by indicating that bullet statements are incomplete as it fails to state the critical assumptions as well as leaving the relationship unspecified. PowerPoint presents data in a monolithic manner which is historically outlined in a basic linear relationship and is generally acceptable. However, given the complexity of the results, the outcomes should be determined in a more complex multi-linear relationship. PowerPoint presents limited ideas and concepts which potentially limits the smooth flow of information. Tufte proceed by pointing out that in general, all the slides used by PowerPoint have a limited rate of information transfers compared to formal talk since a normal slide can only show a maximum of forty words, which only constitute eight seconds of any reading material (Tufte 16). Though this may be a significant tool of jarring the memory and organizing talks, the content is inadequate in case of a complex budget argument, solving non-linear multifaceted issues and intricate problems. In conclusion, the adoption of cognitive style of bullet presentation in our learning institutions is a

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay Upon hearing the story of Vinny Bolzano in the first scene of the play, we are immediately introduced to the aggression of Sicilian justice, and are given a glimpse of events that are to unfold. After Beatrice has told Catherine the story of Vinny Bolzano, Eddie exclaims On his own Uncle! , expressing disgust that anyone could possibly do such a thing to a relative under any circumstances. At this point in time it is totally out of Eddies character to go to the immigration authorities, at this time in the play he would not even think about it, but he is later driven to it by what he feels to be a personal tragedy on an epic scale. This tells us that when Eddie informs the authorities he knows exactly what effect this will have on him; he knows of his inevitable fate after word gets out. The Sicilian values of justice are totally separate and exempt from American law. In some ways it is more lenient; it does not condemn Marco for killing Eddie because of two things; firstly, Eddie reported him to the authorities, and secondly, he won in a fair duel. Nevertheless, as we see, its sentences are far harsher. Sicilian justice is not even a harsher version of American law. As we hear from Alfieri at the beginning of the play, in Sicily, from where there fathers came, the law hasnt been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. It is totally separate and in direct opposition. Sicilian justice demands that Italian-Americans help immigrants and pay money for them. American law is exactly the opposite. Alfieri sums up the idea of justice in his opening lines, Oh, there were many here who were justly shot by unjust men. This shows the idea that these gangsters, despite being criminals, shot men justly as far as Sicilian justice goes. Alfieri is the bridge between the Sicilian justice (in so far as he is an Americanised Sicilian, experienced enough to see Eddies fate), and American law (in that he is a lawyer). Moreover, he is a bridge between the two cultures. He acts within the bounds of American law, generally on behalf of the immigrants, who distrust him because he has made the step up into an American job, and therefore American money and lifestyle. Due to the range of Alfieris experience, he is also the bridge between the characters and the audience. Alfieris role as a bridge in the play, and the very essence of the play as a clash of cultures is perfectly shown in Alfieris first narration at the very beginning of the script. Firstly, Alfieri introduces the idea of the Sicilian way of life in America, and addresses the issue of Sicilian justice, referring to the 1920s and 30s gangsterism in a tone suggesting the glory days. Still, Alfieri claims that now they are quite civilised, quite American, and that his practice is entirely unromantic and then of course he moves into the story of Eddie Carbone, an illustration of how Sicilian ways are still dominant to this civilised and American culture. The play A View from the Bridge is about a clash of cultures, or perhaps more about the effects of mixing two cultures into the American cultural melting pot, and the clashes this causes between the cultures. The plot of the play itself is more about the personal tragedy between a parents incestuous love for his daughter, and a girl who is growing up to become a young woman and wants to behave in accordance with her womanhood. This is the subject of the play, rather than the clash of the cultures, this is not to say that the culture difference is not relevant, on the contrary, it is a main theme of the play, but it only aggravates the personal problem. It confuses Eddies situation, as he is obviously more in favour of Sicilian values, but finds his personal situation with regard to Catherine threatened by Sicilians, and therefore has to resort to using American culture to neutralise the situation. It makes the divide that Catherine has to cross into womanhood much greater, making it necessary not only to become a woman from her childhood under Sicilian ideas, but also to become a fully, modernised, Americanised, independent woman. In addition, it supplies Eddie with a method of solving his personal problem, if in a rather extreme manner. It makes the consequences of doing so much more dramatic. The personal tragedy suffered is fuelled by great love, which leads to insanity, giving the play the qualities of a Greek tragedy, if not a somewhat contemporary Greek tragedy. Matt King Page 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Concusions in Athletes Essay examples -- Sports

In recent studies, it has been found that concussions resulting from athletics are becoming increasingly dangerous while at the same time given less consideration. Sports related mild traumatic brain injuries in children have increased by sixty percent in the last decade. Approximately 173,285 cases of mild traumatic brain injuries relating to sports are treated each year in U.S. emergency departments (CDC). One may ask just what exactly a concussion is. A concussion can be defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and transient impairment of neural function, such as alteration of consciousness, disturbance of vision, equilibrium, etc., due to mechanical forces (Roy/Irvin, 142). The brain is made up of a â€Å"tofu-like† substance which can impact against the rigid walls of the skull, causing a change in neurological function and more. Basically, a concussion is when the head or body suffers a blow and the brain gets â€Å"sloshed† around causing it damage (Roy/Irvin, 142). There are many ways that a person can obtain a concussion. Concussions could be a result of a car accident or an unexpected fall. In sports, they are usually caused by a direct blow to the head. This can happen when a bat, hockey stick, or any type of ball strikes the head. It can also happen when a player comes in contact with another player, as in tackling during football. A concussion could also be a result of colliding with a stationary object, such as a post or wall (Children’s Memorial Hospital). The most important and also the most difficult process of a concussion is recognizing one. Some athletes will experience obvious signs and symptoms of a concussion and others will have none. Each human brain is very different which makes recognition ver... ...p://www.childrensmemorial.org/depts/sportsmedicine/concussion-in-sport.aspx>. Faul, M., L. Xu, and VG Coronado. "CDC - Traumatic Brain Injury." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. . Gupta, Sanjay. "Sports Concussion - Protecting Youth Athletes from Concussions..." SportsConcussions.org | Concussion Testing Made Simple. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. . McBride, Tiffany. "Concussions in Sports." E-mail interview. 19 Jan. 2012. Roy, Steven, and Richard Irvin. Sports Medicine: Prevention, Evaluation, Management, and Rehabilitation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983. Print. Valovich McLeod, Tara C. "Concussions: Cognitive Rest." Athletic Therapy Today 2010: 1-4. Web.

Estee Lauder: Integrated Marketing Communications plan Essay

Executive Summary The purpose of this situation analysis is to identify internal and external factors that will have an impact on Estee Lauder’s integrated marketing communications program (IMC). A situation analysis is necessary to determine the position Estee Lauder is currently occupying, in terms of finances, promotional strategies, product range and brand image. A thorough analysis will help identify any opportunities and potential threats that the company may come across and the effect that these opportunities and threats will have on their new IMC program. Strengths and Weaknesses will also be identified and taken into account as the new IMC program is developed. As part of the internal analysis Estee Lauder’s past promotional mix strategies will be assessed and evaluated. Strengths and weaknesses will also be evaluated in terms of brand image and the products and services they offer were also identified. Estee Lauder’s current promotional strategy has a strong focus on advertising in sources of print media within media relevant to its target market such as fashion magazines including, Harper’s Bazaar and In Style. Personal Selling also plays a dominant role in Estee Lauder’s current IMC strategy. The use of the Internet and Direct marketing has played a minimal role in Estee Lauder’s IMC program for Australia. This was identified as a weakness but also as a potential opportunity to expand and use these promotional tools in their future IMC program. Other weaknesses were based around poor and inappropriate promotional strategies for reaching their intended ‘youth’ market and consumers in their twenties. Brand image, price, package and product design were seen as being â€Å"too old† for the targeted younger consumer. The new IMC program will be focused on overcoming these weaknesses and on reaching the younger audience in the most effective way. Strengths such high levels of brand awareness, trust and a strong position in the market place have been Identified and utilised in the future IMC program. The external analysis involved gaining insight regarding customers and competitors. A pilot study was conducted among 18-25 year olds regarding  their perceptions and experiences with Estee Lauder in order to develop a more in-depth analysis of Estee Lauder’s customer base amongst young Australian females. Competitor Analysis required thorough research into the strategies and positions of Estee Lauder competitors in the market place. Major competitors included Loreal and Revlon, their strengths and weaknesses were identified and will be considered during the development of Estee Lauders new positioning strategy. Although a company has little or no control over their external environment an effective marketing communication strategy will anticipate such conditions and respond to them sufficiently. Estee Lauder needs to consider socio-cultural forces such as consumers increasing concern regarding animal testing among other environmental and social issues. They must also be aware of the adverse affects on the IMC program that will occur if any social expectation are breached or if any legal or political regulations are breached. The environmental analysis also identifies the opportunity for growth due to the trend in overall retail growth and specifically cosmetic growth in Australia today. If the following factors are considered Estee Lauder have the opportunity to develop an effective IMC program that will strengthen its brand and allow them to expand into the younger market as they have been aspiring to do. Industry and Company Information Estee Lauder is a market leader in the cosmetics and skin-care industry. This market is highly competitive and rapidly expanding, with competitors continually entering the market. They offer a range of cosmetics, fragrances and skincare products. Estee Lauder is a well established brand since 1946 and has grown into a parent company for many well known skincare and cosmetics brands. These include MAC, Clinique, Stilla, Aveda and Bobbi Brown. This situation analysis will focus on Estee Lauder as a consumer brand and not the EL Companies empire as a whole (see appendix 1). Internal Analysis Today, Estee Lauder has a solid customer base in many countries including the USA, UK, Asia and Europe. Estee Lauder’s and Clinique’s combined sales made up 40% of the total cosmetics market share, with Lancome (owned by competitor L’Oreal) holding the third largest market share, with 13% of the cosmetics market (Bittar, 2002, p.29). Over the past five years, Estee Lauder’s sales have slowed, allowing for Clinique, Estee Lauder’s sister brand to gain market share, replacing them as number one brand in department store sales (Bittar,2002,p.29). Currently Estee Lauder’s primary objective is reposition themselves as the consumers first choice for cosmetics. In order to achieve this objective Estee Lauder need to analyse current marketing efforts and identify opportunities for further expansions that will increase and improve the reputable Estee Lauder brand. Pricing Strategies Estee Lauder’s prices are at the higher end of the price scale within the cosmetics market. This is consistent with many of Estee Lauder’s direct competitors namely Lancome and Dior along with other subsidiary brands including MAC and Stilla. Their prices are set 20-35% above the price points of Clinique products. Current RRP prices for various Estee Lauder products can be found in appendix 2. Review of Firm’s previous promotional programs o Advertising – Print media is the current primary advertising medium for Estee Lauder. Some of the main channels include fashion and lifestyle magazines such as Harper’s Bazaar, Vogue, In Style, Marie Claire, Cleo and Cosmopolitan. These magazines are targeted toward females with various lifestyles and levels of disposable income however they are all image conscious and is appealing to Roy Morgan’s visible achievement segment and those who aspire to be part of this group (Mindset, 1998) (See appendix 3). Estee Lauder has been featuring Liz Hurley as the face of their cosmetics for the past seven years and has proven successful in endorsing their  prestigious brand of cosmetics, fragrances and skin-care, (Bittar, 2002). Estee Lauder’s current models infuse â€Å"the brand with energy, vitality and modernity† and aiming to â€Å"connect the brand with consumers† (Staff Report, 2003). Last financial year, EL companies allocated $US56 million to advertising to promote the core Estee Lauder brand. This figure has been consistent over the past five years and is the largest advertising figure of any EL Company. o Internet – Estee Lauder have not utilised the internet within the Australian marketplace. Their current website is targeted towards the U.S, European and Asian markets. It does not provide Australian consumers with a customised information source regarding available products and new company developments. o Sales Promotion – Estee lauder endorses its distributer such as Myer and David Jones with promotional gift packs as an incentive to spend as certain amount of money or buy a specific product. They uphold their prestigious image by seldom discounting their products. Sampling promotion has also been used successfully to promote new products and allow consumers to experience the product first hand, without having to commit to a purchase.However, this has not been successfully used for Estee Lauder’s recent release of â€Å"Pure Colour† range of eyeshadows and lip gloss’s. Pilot research conducted found although this new range is targeted towards the younger market, it is still not being recognised as the brand of choice for 17-25 year olds (see appendix 4 & 5). o Personal Selling – All Estee Lauder sales consultant are specifically trained and have high levels of product knowledge. Cosmetics is a high involvement purchase and therefore requires consultants to have an in depth knowledge of all products offered by Estee Lauder. o Direct Marketing – Currently Estee Lauder are not using the internet for direct marketing sufficiently. Department stores often send promotional brochures to opt in mailing list clients if new products are released or  special offers are available. Assessment of relative strengths and weaknesses of product and brand Estee Lauder as a brand  · Strengthes – High brand awareness – High brand recall – Trusted brand – High perceived quality – High Brand Equity – Good customer service – Perceived as prestigious brand  · Weaknesses – Communication Strategy not in line with target market – Price of products too high to allow for repositioning into young market – Brand perceived as â€Å"too old† for target market – Products not designed for younger market (i.e. anti-ageing moisturisers) – Package design for mainstream product lines not innovative and modern, sending conflicting messages and confusing consumers  · Opportunities – Possible expansion into younger mass markets – Ability to pursue an online strategy to enhance their marketing communications by introducing online catalogues and creating a direct marketing database. – Ability to establish themselves as the leading cosmetics brand in other markets including Australia, specifically targeting 20-30’s market and the youth segment. – Creation of new communication strategy to build upon existing brand strengths and reputation. – Opportunities for co-branding to reach untapped markets.  · Threats – Losing existing customer base i.e. older market due to new market direction – Possible confusion for consumers regarding mixed promotional messages targeting the young and older market i.e. strategies are not integrated – Losing market share – Deterioration of perceived brand quality and prestige due to changing the promotional strategies to suit the younger market – Potential loss of revenue as a result of decreasing product prices to attract the younger customers Competitive Analysis As Estee Lauder redirects their focus from the older aged females to those in  a younger age bracket, they encounter a different group of competitors. These competitors operate in the mass market of cosmetics and skin care. Each brand is continually challenged to apply a successful integrated marketing plan so as to maintain and/or increase their share of the market thus creating a high level of competition for Estee Lauder. Direct Competitors Revlon and Loreal Paris are both mid-range cosmetics brands that represent Estee Lauder’s biggest threats. They are direct competitors of the traditional EL Company brand as the quality, price and packaging of their products are more appealing to the younger market. Recent annual 2000 figures showed Revlon making $1,491,600,000 alone in cosmetics sales and Loreal with $12,051,000,000 from cosmetic and skin-care sales combined (http://www.sharelearn.com/520samp.html). Estee Lauder presently generates $2,700,000,000 in the prestige market, and can largely be attributed to a higher gross margin in retail prices (http://www.myneweconomy.com/articles/020703/estee.htm). Indirect Competitors Estee Lauder’s indirect competitors or product substitutes consist only in skin-care and not in cosmetics. Face-moisturizers and cleansing products are not yet specifically designed or even targeted towards younger women and appear to still target mature-age women. In which case, Loreal Paris’ offering of skin-care products specifically designed to nourish the skin of young women, offers a substitute for those products not catered for by Estee Lauder. Message and Media Strategies used by Competitors  · Loreal Paris Evidently, Estee Lauder’s primary competitor is Loreal Paris because both are competing for leading positions in the skin-care and cosmetics market. The  Loreal Paris brand was developed for infiltration into the mass market and targets young females who desire high-quality, innovative and fashion-forward beauty products at affordable prices (http://www.lorealparisusa.com/frames.asp#aboutloreal/page_a.asp). Their promotional campaign ‘Because I’m worth it’ (http://www.lorealparisusa.com/frames.asp#aboutloreal/page_a.asp), has proven to be a success in terms of their efforts to communicate a modern and self-confident message to their target audience. They have used a number of international spokespersons including Andie McDowell, Laetitia Casta, Heather Locklear, Vanessa Williams, Virginie Ledoyen, and Milla Jovovich (http://www.lorealparisusa.com/frames.asp#aboutloreal/page_a.asp), all famous actors and models, to endorse the quality of Loreal Paris products and give young females an image to aspire to. Using a range of international faces allows Loreal Paris to target the cultural youth market because it promotes a wide cosmetics range suiting any skin colour and image. This allows them to expand their target market and remain competitive.  · Revlon Revlon also has a similar marketing approach as Loreal Paris. Their corporate strategy aims to offer young women a sense of ‘glamour, excitement and innovation’ (http://www.revlon.com/corporate/corp_ca_history.asp) when using these cosmetics. They have recently launched their new face for the Revlon brand ‘Halle Berry’ a famous U.S. actor, whom exerts an independent, confident and sexy young image for women of today. By using this one spokesperson, they have created a unique identity for the brand and encourages the younger market to use the Revlon products so they can be perceived in the same way. This consistent image associated with the brand gives consumers an easy product recall whenever they see her in movies, billboards, magazines and other channels of advertising. Key Benefits of Competitors and their Positioning Relative to Estee Lauder’s  · Loreal Paris – has established its brand name in the market place since 1907 and therefore high brand awareness – large budget committed to R&D and ability to be on the edge of cosmetic technology – have been targeting the younger mass market for years and are therefore trusted in their quality of beauty products and known to sell at affordable prices – is the global cosmetics leader with 16.8% market share – product offering is extended to hair colouring, cosmetics, skin care and styling aids thereby enhancing brand recognition  · Revlon – has established its brand name in the market place since 1932 – have been targeting the younger mass market for years and are therefore trusted in their quality of beauty products and known to sell at affordable prices – ranks 4th in the top ten global cosmetics leaders with 7.1% market share – product offering extends to personal care (eg. Nail polish), fragrances, cosmetics thereby enhancing brand equity  · Estee Lauder – has the opportunity to penetrate the youth mass market with years of marketing and operating expertise in the cosmetics industry – is currently ranked 2nd global cosmetics leader – extensive economic resources to conduct R&D – has economies of scale because of the size of its pre-existing operation – trusted as a prestigious quality brand – family controlled enterprise allows for consistency in marketing and management decisions although no evidence to support this observation Consumer Analysis Cosmetics is a luxury product and involves a high level of involvement from the consumer (Schiffman et al, 2001). When purchasing cosmetics and skincare, consumers want to be sure that the products they are purchasing are safe and will not harm their skin . Estee Lauder has identified this need and has catered for this by decreasing the risk involved when purchasing cosmetics at pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase stage. Experience at Point of Purchase Estee Lauder Australia is the third country to undergo dramatic transformations in the appearance of their counters in department stores (King, 2003). The new counters are brightly coloured and have interactive displays, which allows passers by to test products at their own discretion without having to consult Estee Lauder staff. However should assistance be required with any of the products, there are always friendly, knowledgeable staff to assist potential customers. All consultants are thoroughly trained and have extensive knowledge about all product lines. This professionalism enhances to the consumer’s experience of Estee Lauder at the point of purchase as they learn more about specific products and their skin type as well. The revitalised counters are a real feature now as they are by far the brightest and most elaborate in major department stores (namely Myer/Grace  Bros and David Jones) in comparison to any of its direct or indirect competitors and creates a salon like experience for the consumer (Gold Coast Bulletin, 2003). Buyer Roles and Cosmetics Unlike products such as fragrances where the buyer is not the user, the majority of the time, cosmetics buyers are the users of the product. Although, this does differ around increased purchase periods such as Christmas, Easter, Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day when the buyer (i.e. husbands and boyfriends) are not the end users of the cosmetics. Estee Lauder has identified this and designed their promotional activity accordingly. All advertising (predominantly instore promotion and print media) features young attractive women, that many purchasing the product would see as an aspirational figure. The more youthful Carolyn Murphy featured in the current advertisements provides the younger market that Estee Lauder is currently trying to conquer, a face that they can relate to (as opposed to Elizabeth Hurley, who Estee Lauder felt was too old for the younger market). Perception of Estee Lauder The perception of Estee Lauder amongst younger people is that it is a brand for â€Å"older people† (The Nation, 2003). This perception of the brand will clearly take an extended period of time to change, however with the current steps undertaken by Estee Lauder, they are well on their way to turning this around (see appendix 7 for Kapferer analysis of perception of Estee Lauder). As the pilot research conducted depicted, Estee Lauder’s products are priced too highly for the younger market to purchase. If they do wish to conquer this market successfully, they will have to consider pricing options on certain product ranges to make it more affordable to the target market (See appendix 8). Whilst Estee Lauder is priced too highly for people in this age bracket, they still view the brand as fashionable, as results of the pilot research study concluded (see appendix 9). Environmental Analysis Social/Cultural In recent years consumers have developed a heightened awareness of social and environmental conditions such as animal testing. Many consumers hold strong views towards animal testing and do not want to buy products that have caused animal suffering. Consequently consumers often want to acquire company information regarding animal testing before they buy the product, many cosmetic companies including Estee Lauder shy away from this controversial topic and provide confusing and ambiguous statements regarding the topic as they are guilty of continuing animal testing but wish to avoid public opposition (http://www.buav.org/pdfs/cosmetic_experiments_-_bluf.pdf). As well as being environmentally friendly consumers expect their brands to be socially responsible and to give back to the community. This force gives Estee Lauder the opportunity to sponsor charities that are important to their target market. Any sponsorship should form an integral part of Estee Lauder’s IMC to promote the brand as being socially aware and responsible.. If a customer perceives a brand as being socially irresponsible they will often remove the brand from their evoked set and not even consider them in any of their future purchase decisions. Political / Legal There are many political and legal obligations that Australian cosmetic companies must comply with in order to protect consumers. â€Å"The public has the very reasonable expectation that cosmetics should be safe to use as directed on the label and as people would normally expect to use such products† (www.ASCC.com.au). All cosmetic companies selling their products within Australia must comply with all Australian Safety Regulations. Cosmetic companies must also comply with the Trades Practices Act among other regulations and legislation regarding product safety and ingredients (www.ascc.com.au). These rules and regulations have enormous implications for Estee Lauder and other cosmetic companies in Australia. It is imperative that these regulations are followed as court action can be seriously detrimental to the company financially. Further more, bad publicity as a consequence of not following such regulations can cause irreversible damage in terms of the reputation of the brand. Technological Due to technological advancements there is a lot more information available to the consumers regarding the safety and effectiveness of cosmetic products and the ingredients within them. Due to the amount of scientific information and studies available to them, consumers have developed a very sceptical attitude towards cosmetic brands and their products. The implication for this is that Estee Lauder must provide consumers with as much information and as much proof regarding product effectiveness as possible in order to facilitate the buying decision process. Technology has also worked in favour of Estee Lauder as they have been able use technology to create new innovative products in attempt to gain competitive advantage. Economical Changes on the economy could also have a strong impact on cosmetic sales. Cosmetics are categorised as a luxury item so when the economy is down and consumers have less buying power cosmetics would be among the first product categories to suffer. After the events of September 11 sales dropped to a virtual standstill resulting in the worst holdiay season for American retailers in years (Bittar,2002). However currently Australian retail sales has experienced strong growth since May 2003 (www.abs.com.au) (See Appendix 10). In 1998-99 $4.1 billion was spent on cosmetics, perfumes and toiletries (www.abs.com.au). These statistics indicate it is a healthy growing industry giving companies the opportunity to increase sales and expand product lines.

Different in B2B vs B2C Advertising Essay

With the ever improving age of technology I think business has made tremendous strides to get on board. Because of the internet,business all over the world has had to make a change in the way they do business in order to keep their present customers and draw in new ones. The economy today is out of control with the cost of everything being extremely high especially gas and diesel fuel but because of technology business are able to reach more customers to try to get their business. The supply chains of B2C to B2B and uniquely differently. A supply chain occurs when a product or service is initiated and proceeds thru all the steps to the final objection. For example when a student inquires with the University of Phoenix from a link they clicked on the internet, the supply chain starts by the automation process that is in place, taking the student to the process in which they are connected to the pre-screening representative then to the enrollment representative who in turn takes the student thru the steps of the application process in order to enroll the student. The process of this supply chain is repetitive once the student makes the initial contact to start it. The difference between the B2C and B2B are in a since similar but different. I would say the primary difference being the avenues a product has to take before reaching the intended destination. B2Chave less avenues to travel versus that of B2B or example, the purchase of a computer through the Dell website, the avenues for the consumer are that of the website to choose the one that best fits their needs as they are dealing directly with the company to purchase the product. On the B2B side it would be the supplier Dell selling their products to the local dealers such as Best Buy, Fry Electronics, or Wal-Mart, the consumer will be getting the product from the second source and not dealing directly which makes the cost of the product more expensive. So with B2C if the transaction went smoothly and error free the customer will probably tell someone about the experience and more than likely be a repeat customer. Conclusion With this being said it is obvious that the supply chains of both have evolved and have advanced to another level because of technology but yet still is challenging and still different in many aspects. Either is still successful and has generated growth in the economy because of the growing improvements with technology.